2026年6月大学英语四六级必看重点语法:完成时态(9)

大学英语四六级必看重点语法：完成时态

       1) 现在完成时：

　　① 构成：have / has +过去分词

　　② 语法意义及要点：

　　A. 现在完成时表示一个过去开始的状态或动作持续到现在并可能继续持续下去，常同表示一段时间的状语连用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。

　　--He has worked as a teacher for many years.

　　--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.

　　B. 现在完成时表示一个过去发生的对现在仍有影响的动作或事件。常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示频度时间状语连用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;还可同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语连用(last year , in 1997等)。

　　--I have never learned Japanese before.

　　--We have been quite busy lately (recently).

　　C. 在时间或条件状语从句中，当表示将来完成时的意义时，要用现在完成时来代替将来完成时。

　　--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.

　　--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.

　　Note: 行为不能持续的瞬间动词(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于这一语法意义，即该类动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

　　--He has joined the army for five years. (误)

　　--He has been in the army for five years. (正)

　　2) 过去完成时：

　　① 构成：had +过去分词

　　② 语法意义及要点：

　　过去完成时表示某一动作或情况发生在过去某一时刻之前并持续到该时刻。

　　--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.

　　--They had got everything ready before the party began.

　　Note: 与现在完成时截然不同的是过去完成时可以与表示具体过去的时间状语连用。

　　--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.

　　3) 将来完成时：

　　① 构成：shall / will + have +过去分词

　　② 语法意义及要点：

　　将来完成时表示某一动作在将来某一时刻或将来某一动作之前已经完成或发生。

　　--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.

　　--The shop will have closed already before you get there.

重点点拨：哪些动词不能用于进行时

　　1) 表示状态的动词，如be, seem, appear, become, get等。

　　He is being a used-car dealer.(误)

　　He is a used-car dealer.(正)

　　She is seeming always about to smile.(误)

　　She seems always about to smile.(正)

　　2) 表示感官感觉的动词，如see(看见), hear(听见),feel(感觉出), taste(尝出),smell(闻到)等。

　　The medicine is tasting bitter. (误)

　　The medicine tastes bitter. (正)

　　I was seeing a car passing by our house. (误)

　　I saw a car passing by our house. (正)

　　3) 表示拥有的动词，如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。

　　He is owning a luxurious car. (误)

　　He owns a luxurious car. (正)

　　The book is belonging to her. (误)

　　The book belongs to her.(正)

　　4) 表示思想状况、态度的动词，如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。

　　I’m thinking that he is right. (误)

　　I think that he is right. (正)

　　I’m understanding your feelings. (误)

　　I understand your feelings. (正)

　　5) 表示情感、愿望的动词，如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。

　　He is loving his daughter very much. (误)

　　He loves his daughter very much. (正)

　　I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (误)

　　I regret to say we cannot come. (正)

英语六级模拟题：

1.By the time you arrive in London tonight, we ______ in Europe for two weeks.  

A) will stay  

B) have stayed  

C) will have stayed  

D) had stayed  

2.It is reported that the local government ______ great importance to the construction of new infrastructure over the past five years.  

A) attaches  

B) attached  

C) has been attaching  

D) had attached  

3. I ______ to send you the detailed proposal yesterday, but I was suddenly called away for an emergency meeting.  

A) intend  

B) intended  

C) have intended  

D) had intended  

4.Hard as he tried, the project ______ by the end of last month due to a lack of funding.  

A) was not completed  

B) has not been completed  

C) had not been completed  

D) will not have been completed  

5.Ever since the company implemented the new strategy, its stock price ______ steadily.  

A) rises  

B) rose  

C) has risen  

D) had risen  

答案与解析

1. 答案：C

解析： 考查**将来完成时**。  

句中“By the time you arrive in London tonight”（到你今晚到达伦敦的时候）是将来的一个时间点。将来完成时表示“在将来某一时间或动作之前已经完成或持续的动作”，结构为 **will have done**。因此选 C。

2. 答案：C

解析：考查**现在完成进行时**（属于现在完成时的延伸）。  

句中有明确的时间状语“over the past five years”（在过去的五年里），表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，且强调动作的持续性，因此用现在完成进行时 **has been attaching**，表示“一直在重视”。

3. 答案：D

解析：考查**过去完成时**的特殊用法（虚拟/意图未实现）。  

句意为：“我本打算昨天把详细提案发给你的，但我突然被叫去开紧急会议了。” “intend/hope/plan/want + to have done” 或 “had intended/hoped” 表示原本打算做某事但实际上没做成，这是六级常考的“过去未完成”结构。根据时间状语 yesterday，这里用 **had intended** 最为恰当。

4. 答案：C

解析： 考查**过去完成时**。  

句中的关键时间点是“by the end of last month”（到上个月底为止）。“Hard as he tried”也提示了整个语境是发生在过去的。在过去某个时间点（上个月底）之前已经完成的动作，要用 **过去完成时 (had done)**。项目在上月底“没有被完成”，故选 C。

5. 答案：C

解析：考查**现在完成时**。  

句首的“Ever since”（自从……以来）是现在完成时的标志性短语，表示从过去某一点开始一直延续到现在并对现在造成影响的动作。主语是 stock price，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选 **has risen**。

总结考点回顾：

现在完成时：标志词（since, for, so far, up to now），强调对现在的影响。  

过去完成时：标志词（by + 过去时间, by the time + 过去动作），强调“过去的过去”。  

将来完成时：标志词（by + 将来时间），强调将来某刻前会做完的事。