2026年6月大学英语四六级必看重点语法:虚拟语气(6)
1) 表示与现在情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”，从句谓语用“动词的一般过去时”(动词be的过去式一律用were)。 If I were you, I would not accept his offer. If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you. 2) 表示与过去情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might + have +过去分词”，从句谓语用过去完成时。 If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train. If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam. 3) 表示与将来情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”，从句谓语用“were +动词不定式”或“should +动词原形”。 If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study. If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you. 如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时，可以省略连接词if，但这时必须把were, had, should, could等词移到主语前面，形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。 Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks. Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望，其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，有以下三种构成形式。 1) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。(be的过去式为were)。 I wish I had enough money to buy a car. I wish I were as young and energetic as you. 2) 表示过去未能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had +过去分词)或“would / could + have +过去分词 ”。 I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. I wish I could have done it better. 3) 表示将来不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“would / should (could, might) +动词原形”。 I wish I would not get old. I wish I could travel around the world one day. 在一些动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。 The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent. The teacher decided that you do the experiment first. 5. 某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。 My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately. He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again. 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，有时发生的时间是不一致的.如从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句可能是对现在正在进行情况的假设。 这种句子称为错综时间条件句. If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.1. If it ______ for the storm, we would have arrived at the summit before sunset. - 主句：would have arrived → 对过去的虚拟 - 句意：如果不是因为暴风雨，我们本可以在日落前到达山顶。 2. The proposal that the project ______ until further notice was met with strong opposition. - 名词 proposal后的同位语从句常用(should) + 动词原形 的虚拟语气 - 常见词还有：suggestion, recommendation, advice, demand, order 等 3. I’d rather you ______ anything about the plan until the board makes a final decision. - 固定结构：would rather + 从句，从句用 过去式表示现在或将来的虚拟 - 句意：我宁愿你在董事会做最后决定之前，什么都别说。 - “不要说” → 虚拟语气用 didn’t say 4. Without your timely assistance, the experiment ______ in such a short time. C) could not have been completed D) will not have been completed - Without your timely assistance = 隐含的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反 - 主句应用 could/would/might + have done- 实验是被完成的，用被动：could not have been completed 5. It is high time the government ______ strict measures to address the housing crisis. - 固定句型：It is (high) time (that) …后用 过去式表示“早该做而还没做的事” - 不接 will / would / has 等，只接简单过去式 零基础，没报班，纯自学，复习1个月，一次通过社工考试初级和中级。
