(英语写作阅读提高/四六级+考研英语)归还法承认尊重始于自身
原文链接：http://www.chinadaily.com.cn（中国日报）本文转载自中国日报，版权归原作者所有，仅供英语学习交流使用，不代表本平台观点或政治立场。如果这篇文章对你学习英语有帮助，或者让你对中欧经贸关系有了更清晰的认识，别忘了在文末点个赞和在看，也欢迎转发给同样在学习英语的朋友。你的每一次点赞、转发、留言，都是对我们创作者最大的鼓励。做这样一篇带词汇注释的深度文章，从选材、分段、标注到写开场白，前后要花好几个小时。公众号流量不容易，你的小手轻轻一点，就能让这篇文章被更多人看到，也能让我们有动力继续做出更好的内容。谢谢每一位愿意停留阅读的你。喜欢英语、学习英语可以在下方留下微信号，加入我们微信群一起学习，每个月收费9.9元。以下是正文部分，建议结合词汇注释逐句细读，试着用自己的话复述每一段的论点，这样记忆会更扎实。今天这篇文章讲的是文物归还。法国议会最近通过了一项法律，简化了归还通过非法侵占获得的文化文物的程序。国民议会全体通过，参议院343票赞成、0票反对。为什么这件事值得关注？因为过去几代人以来，法国关于公共收藏“不可转让”的信条几乎是不可撼动的，一旦文物进了卢浮宫、进了国家收藏，每次归还都需要经过极其繁琐的议会干预。现在，法国首次建立了一个法律框架，让1815年至1972年间通过掠夺、胁迫或殖民征用获得的文物可以归还原属国。中国外交部发言人林剑对此表示赞赏，并视之为对话与“文明互鉴”的机遇。文章特意提到了1860年英法联军烧毁圆明园的那段历史，引用了雨果当年写给联军军官的信——雨果当时就谴责这是“两个强盗”的行径，并预言“法国获得自由和净化后，将把这份劫掠之物归还给中国”。如今，这个预言用了一个半多世纪，终于迈出了实质性的一步。读完这篇文章，你可以积累三类词汇。第一类是法律与立法程序的专业术语，比如“立法”“法律框架”“议会”“参议院”“国民议会”“赞成票”“审查”，非常适合用来阅读或撰写法律政策、国际条约类的英文报道。第二类是殖民历史与文物归还话题的高频表达，像“非法侵占”“殖民征用”“掠夺”“流失文物”“原属国”“不可转让”“帝国记忆”“文化外交”，在讨论历史正义、文化遗产、国际关系等话题时非常实用。第三类是道德与象征性表达的词汇，比如“债务必须偿还”“与历史和解”“创伤”“文明的罪行”“道德中立”“地位来自尊重”，这些词在写评论、议论文或表达价值判断时能派上大用场。这篇文章的写作手法非常值得学习。作者用一个核心对比贯穿全文：过去“不可触碰”的信条vs 现在“简化归还”的法律框架。通过这种强烈的反差，让读者感受到这次立法突破的意义。另一个亮点是引用了雨果160多年前写的那封信，用历史人物的原话来强化道德立场——“两个强盗”这个标签比任何现代批评都更有分量。这种“借古人之口说今人之话”的手法，用在需要历史纵深感的文章里特别有效。还有一个很漂亮的句式：“地位并非来自表面的炫耀，而是来自尊重”——这种“不是A，而是B”的对比结构，用在议论文结尾非常有力量。文章最后那句也很妙：“尊重无法通过展示从别人那里偷来的传家宝获得”，用日常逻辑来点破道德悖论，让人无法反驳。如果你要写历史评论、文化政策分析或者任何涉及“正义与和解”主题的文章，不妨试试“历史伤口+权威引语+道德金句”这套打法。标题：Restitutionlaw recognition that respect begins at homerestitutionlaw n. 归还法（新闻词汇）（1）France'sdecision last week to simplify the restitution of cultural artifacts acquired through illicit appropriation is an admission that history leaves debts that must be honored.法国上周决定简化对通过非法侵占获得的文化文物的归还程序，这承认了历史留下了必须偿还的债务。culturalartifacts n. 文化文物（新闻词汇）illicitappropriation n. 非法侵占（新闻词汇）（2）TheFrench Parliament's overwhelming approval of the legislation — 343 votes in favor and none against in the Sénat, following unanimous passage in the Assemblée Nationale — shows the country's willingness to reconcile itself with its past.法国议会对这项立法的一致通过——在国民议会全体通过之后，参议院以三百四十三票赞成、零票反对的结果——表明该国愿意与其历史和解。FrenchParliament n. 法国议会（新闻词汇）overwhelmingapproval n. 一致通过（新闻词汇）votesin favor n. 赞成票（新闻词汇）unanimouspassage n. 全体通过（新闻词汇）reconcileitself with v. 与……和解（四级）（1）Theimportance of this law lies not only in what it permits, but in what it dismantles.这项法律的重要性不仅在于它所允许的内容，还在于它所废除的内容。（2）Forgenerations, France's doctrine of the "inalienability" of public collections functioned almost as a secular catechism of the republic.几代人以来，法国关于公共收藏“不可转让”的信条几乎起到了共和国世俗教义的作用。inalienabilityn. 不可转让（新闻词汇）publiccollections n. 公共收藏（新闻词汇）functionedas v. 起到……作用（四级）secularcatechism n. 世俗教义（新闻词汇）（3）Oncean object entered the national collection, it became virtually untouchable, requiring painstaking parliamentary intervention for every single restitution.一旦一件物品进入国家收藏，它就变得几乎不可触碰，每一次归还都需要经过艰苦的议会干预。nationalcollection n. 国家收藏（新闻词汇）untouchableadj. 不可触碰的（四级）painstakingadj. 艰苦的（六级/考研）parliamentaryintervention n. 议会干预（新闻词汇）（4）TheLouvre, Quai Branly and countless provincial museums became guardians not merely of art, but of imperial memory itself.卢浮宫、布朗利码头博物馆以及无数地方博物馆不仅成为艺术的守护者，也成为了帝国记忆本身的守护者。QuaiBranly n. 布朗利码头博物馆（新闻词汇）provincialmuseums n. 地方博物馆（新闻词汇）imperialmemory n. 帝国记忆（新闻词汇）（1）Now,for the first time, France has established a legal framework enabling the return of cultural objects acquired through looting, coercion or colonial expropriation between 1815 and 1972.如今，法国首次建立了一个法律框架，使得一八一五年至一九七二年间通过掠夺、胁迫或殖民征用获得的文化文物得以归还原属国。legalframework n. 法律框架（新闻词汇）culturalobjects n. 文化文物（新闻词汇）colonialexpropriation n. 殖民征用（新闻词汇）（1）Acrossthe West, debates over colonial history have grown increasingly polarized.在整个西方，关于殖民历史的辩论变得越来越两极分化。colonialhistory n. 殖民历史（新闻词汇）increasinglypolarized adj. 越来越两极分化的（新闻词汇）（2）TheUnited Kingdom continues its endless evasions over the Parthenon Marbles and the Benin Bronzes.英国在帕特农神庙大理石雕和贝宁青铜器问题上继续其无休止的推诿。UnitedKingdom n. 英国（新闻词汇）endlessevasions n. 无休止的推诿（新闻词汇）ParthenonMarbles n. 帕特农神庙大理石雕（新闻词汇）BeninBronzes n. 贝宁青铜器（新闻词汇）（3）Itis not surprising that Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lin Jian expressed China's appreciation that France has stepped up to its responsibility in returning lost artifacts to their countries of origin, regarding the issue as an opportunity for dialogue and "mutual learning between civilizations".中国外交部发言人林剑对法国履行责任、将流失文物归还原属国表示赞赏，并将此视为对话与“文明互鉴”的机遇，这并不令人意外。ForeignMinistry spokesman n. 外交部发言人（新闻词汇）lostartifacts n. 流失文物（新闻词汇）countriesof origin n. 原属国（新闻词汇）regarding...asv. 将……视为（四级）mutuallearning between civilizations n. 文明互鉴（新闻词汇）（1）Theseremarks point toward something deeper.（2）Culturalrestitution is not merely about objects.culturalrestitution n. 文化归还（新闻词汇）（3）Itis about the right of nations to tell their own stories through the artifacts that embody their memory.它关乎各国通过承载其记忆的文物讲述自己故事的权利。telltheir own stories v. 讲述自己故事（新闻词汇）（1）Fewepisodes symbolize this more vividly than the destruction of the Old Summer Palace in Beijing in 1860 by Anglo-French Alliance Forces during the Second Opium War (1856-60).很少有事件能比一八六零年第二次鸦片战争期间英法联军摧毁北京圆明园更生动地象征这一点。OldSummer Palace n. 圆明园（新闻词汇）Anglo-FrenchAlliance Forces n. 英法联军（新闻词汇）SecondOpium War n. 第二次鸦片战争（新闻词汇）（2）Thelooting of that palace, which is called Yuanmingyuan Park today, remains one of the traumas in modern Chinese historical consciousness.对那座如今被称为圆明园遗址公园的宫殿的掠夺，仍然是中国近代历史意识中的创伤之一。YuanmingyuanPark n. 圆明园遗址公园（新闻词汇）modernChinese historical consciousness n. 中国近代历史意识（新闻词汇）（1）In1861, French writer Victor Hugo wrote a letter to his friend Captain Butler, one of the leaders of the Anglo-French forces, describing the looting of the Old Summer Palace as a crime against civilization, damning it as the act of "two bandits" — "One plundered, the other burned".一八六一年，法国作家维克多·雨果在写给其朋友、英法联军领导人之一巴特勒上尉的信中，将掠夺圆明园描述为反文明的罪行，谴责其为“两个强盗”的行径——“一个抢劫，另一个放火”。Frenchwriter n. 法国作家（新闻词汇）describing...asv. 将……描述为（四级）crimeagainst civilization n. 反文明的罪行（新闻词汇）（2）"Theday will come," he wrote, "when France, once freed and cleansed, will return this plunder to China."他写道：“那一天将会到来，那时法国获得自由和净化后，将把这份劫掠之物归还给中国。”freedand cleansed adj. 获得自由和净化的（新闻词汇）（1）Althoughthe sentence now reads like prophecy, the step toward its realization took more than one and a half centuries.尽管这句话如今读起来像预言，但走向实现这一步花了一个半多世纪。sentencen. 语句，此处指雨果的那句话（四级）oneand a half centuries n. 一个半世纪（新闻词汇）（2）AndFrance is not now emptying its museums.（3）Thelaw excludes military objects and certain archaeological materials, and restitution cases will still require extensive review.该法律排除了军事物品和某些考古材料，归还案件仍然需要广泛的审查。militaryobjects n. 军事物品（新闻词汇）archaeologicalmaterials n. 考古材料（新闻词汇）restitutioncases n. 归还案件（新闻词汇）extensivereview n. 广泛的审查（四级）（4）Nordoes this legislation erase the asymmetry of centuries of colonial extraction.centuriesof colonial extraction n. 几个世纪的殖民掠夺（新闻词汇）（1）Butsymbols matter in diplomacy.（2）WhatFrance has recognized is that cultural diplomacy cannot survive on nostalgia alone.culturaldiplomacy n. 文化外交（新闻词汇）（3）Amuseum is not morally neutral simply because it is beautiful.morallyneutral adj. 道德上中立的（新闻词汇）（1）Thisis why French Senator Catherine Morin-Desailly captured the significance of the legislation when she said the law "opens a path where memory is no longer confiscated but shared, where the wounds of history become the foundations of a renewed dialogue between nations".这就是为什么法国参议员凯瑟琳·莫兰-德萨伊在谈到该法律时抓住了其重要性，她说该法律“开辟了一条道路，在这条道路上记忆不再是没收而是共享，历史的创伤成为国家间重新对话的基础”。opensa path v. 开辟一条道路（新闻词汇）woundsof history n. 历史的创伤（新闻词汇）reneweddialogue n. 重新对话（新闻词汇）（1）Franceat least understands something that many of the Western colonial powers still struggle to accept: that status comes not from the trappings of display but from respect.法国至少理解了许多西方殖民大国仍然难以接受的一点：地位并非来自表面的炫耀，而是来自尊重。Westerncolonial powers n. 西方殖民大国（新闻词汇）struggleto accept v. 难以接受（新闻词汇）trappingsof display n. 表面的炫耀（新闻词汇）（2）Andrespect cannot be earned by displaying heirlooms stolen from others.
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
