【问题】
提振消费是今年两会热议的“高频词”，请问财政的“真金白银”将如何支持消费？
Boosting consumption is a keyword during this year's Two Sessions. So, what kind of specific policies will be adopted to support consumption?
【回答】
谢谢你的提问。去年，中央财政专门安排1500亿元超长期特别国债，支持消费品以旧换新，带动汽车、家电等相关产品销售额超过1.3万亿元，效果很好，受到了广泛欢迎。这一点刚才郑主任和王部长都提到了。今年，党中央进一步提出大力提振消费，财政部门将坚决贯彻落实，我们将统筹存量政策与增量政策，统筹优化供给与扩大需求，统筹提振消费与改善民生，统筹激发当前消费与增强经济发展后劲，研究制定更大力度、更加精准的政策举措，实打实支持提振消费。重点包括四个方面：
Thank you for your question. In 2024, the Central Government has arranged 150-billion-yuan ultra-long special treasury bonds to support consumer product trading, which drove related products sales to exceed 1.3 trillion yuan, including home appliances and cars, which was widely recognized. And this has already been touched upon by my colleagues earlier. This year, the Party Central Committee has proposed to rigorously boost consumption. It is a decision that will be faithfully implemented by fiscal departments. We will coordinate existing policy with incremental policy, optimize supply with the expansion of demand and the revitalization of consumption with livelihood improvement, stimulate current consumption with strengthening future drivers approach. And there will be a stronger and more targeted policy to be drafted to support consumption. And the policy will focus on the following areas.
第一，加大对消费者的直接补贴力度，加力扩围实施消费品以旧换新，释放消费需求。今年安排超长期特别国债资金3000亿元，比去年翻了一番，并将手机、平板等产品纳入补贴范围，直接降低消费者购物成本。今年春节前，中央财政已经预拨810亿元的资金，补贴资金提前到位，让广大消费者及时享受政策红利。
First, we will set to promote direct subsidies to consumers, expand and intensify the implementation of consumer goods trade-in program to unleash consumer demand. This year, we have arranged 300 billion yuan of ultra-long special treasury bond, doubling the figure of last year. We've also included products like phones and tablets, which directly reduced their cost for consumers. And before the Spring Festival of this year, the early allocation of 81 billion yuan in subsidy funds gave the opportunity to the consumer to properly benefit from the policy dividend.
第二，加大对民生领域的投入力度，让居民收入更稳定、保障更扎实，增强消费能力和底气。对老年人，今年将提高城乡居民基础养老金、适当提高退休职工养老金水平，超过3亿人受益。同时，加强对失能老年人照护服务的支持。对幼儿，发放育儿补贴，建立学前教育国家资助制度。对学生，进一步提高资助补助标准，扩大政策覆盖面，延续实施国家助学贷款免息和本金延期偿还政策等，预计惠及学生3400多万人次。对城乡居民，将基本医保人均财政补助标准提高30元，达到每人每年700元。对低收入群体，持续提高补贴水平，落实对特困人员、低保对象等困难群体的保障政策。对就业困难群体，综合采取就业补贴、失业保障、技能培训、公益性岗位等措施，促进稳岗就业，获得稳定的收入。
Second, we will set to increase investment in livelihood-related sectors to stabilize household income, strengthen social security and boost consumer confidence. For senior citizens, this year, basic pension for rural and urban residents will be increased. Pensions for retired workers will also be raised to appropriate level, which will benefit more than 300 million people. In the meantime, we will also provide better support to the services to the disabled elderly citizens. For babies, there will be child-raising subsidies. We will establish a national support system for preschool education. For students, the standards for subsidies will be further raised, while the coverage of the policy will be expanded. The national students loan interest exemption and principal payment of deferral policy will be continued. It is expected to benefit over 3.4 million people. For rural and urban residents, their basic medical insurance subsidies have been increased by 30 yuan, reaching 700 yuan per person annually. For low-income groups, subsidy levels will be raised continuously and policies for extremely impoverished individuals, subsistence allowance recipient and other disadvantage group will be further implemented. For employment vulnerable groups, we will implement a comprehensive policy framework integrating subsidies on employment safeguards, skill training and welfare job placement to stabilize their employment and income.
第三，加大对地方的奖补力度，引导地方提升消费环境，优化消费供给。一方面，深入推进现代商贸流通体系试点城市建设，开展县域商业建设行动，有效发挥政策效用。另一方面，今年中央财政新增安排补助资金，带动地方加大投入，支持推广消费新业态新模式新场景，打造更多消费新热点；同时，开展国际化消费城市建设，提升消费便利度和体验感。
Third, we will set to enhance local support through subsidies and incentives, guide improvement of consumer environment and optimize supply. On the one hand, we will further promote the development of pilot cities for modern commercial trade circulation system, implement county-level commercial development initiative and leverage policy effectiveness. On the other hand, this year, the Central Government has arranged additional funds for subsidies and incentives to mobilize local investment, promote new forms, new models and new scenarios of consumptions so as to create more consumer hotspots. We will promote the development of international consumption cities and enhance consumption convenience and experience.
第四，加大财政与金融政策联动力度，新增实施两项贷款贴息政策，激发消费动力。一项是对重点领域的个人消费贷款，给予财政贴息，减轻当期支出压力。另一项是对餐饮住宿、健康、养老、托幼、家政这些与老百姓生活密切相关的领域，财政对经营主体贷款分类给予贴息，降低融资成本，增加更多优质服务供给。
Fourth, we will strengthen the interaction between fiscal and financial policies and carry out two additional loan-interest subsidy policies to inject more energy for consumption. First is the fiscal interest rate subsidies on personal consumption loans in key sectors to alleviate immediate financial burdens. Second is in key livelihood sectors, including catering and accommodation, healthcare, elderly care, childcare and home services. In these sectors, differentiated scale subsidies will be given to business entities to reduce their financing costs and improve their capabilities to provide more quality services.
总的看，这一系列政策力度大、覆盖广，有利于打开消费新空间，培育经济新动能。财政部将与有关部门一道，持续抓好存量政策落实，推动增量政策尽早落地，不断释放政策红利，形成对促消费持续有力的支持，以提振消费进一步增强经济发展动能。谢谢！
In short, the policy package is strong and covering a wide area and will help to unleash new potentials in consumption and grow new drivers for the economy. The Ministry of Finance will work with other departments to carry out existing policy and implement these incremental policy and pipeline as soon as possible to further unleash public policy dividends, create sustained support for boosting consumption, and with which to further strengthen momentum for economic growth. Thank you.
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
