(英语写作阅读提高/四六级+考研英语)全球石油危机引发东南亚通胀警报,专家称最贫困家庭最脆弱
全球石油危机引发东南亚通胀警报，专家称最贫困家庭最脆弱原文链接：http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202604/30/WS69f2ace6a310d6866eb4661c.html本文仅供学习参考，感谢原作者辛苦劳动，我就不复制原文了，知识要点已经完整提炼。喜欢英语、学习英语可以在下方留下微信号，加入我们微信群一起学习，每个月收费9.9元。1、原句：The global oil crisis triggered by Middle East tensions has sparked inflationary alarms across Southeast Asia, with the poorest households among the most vulnerable, experts say.专家表示，由中东紧张局势引发的全球石油危机已在东南亚拉响通胀警报，最贫困的家庭是最脆弱的群体之一。-triggered by ... （由……引发）-sparked inflationary alarms （拉响通胀警报）-with the poorest households among the most vulnerable （最贫困家庭是最脆弱的群体之一）（1） The sudden rise in food prices has sparked inflationary alarms in many developing countries.食品价格的突然上涨在许多发展中国家拉响了通胀警报。（2） The economic crisis, triggered by the banking collapse, left low-income families among the most vulnerable.由银行倒闭引发的经济危机使低收入家庭成为最脆弱的群体之一。（3） Extreme weather events have sparked alarms over global food security, with small farmers among the most vulnerable.极端天气事件已拉响全球粮食安全的警报，其中小农户是最脆弱的群体之一。2、原句：Poorer economies are especially hard-pressed in the current environment as they have fewer resources, both in terms of energy supplies and fiscal space, to address an energy price shock.在当前环境下，较贫穷的经济体压力尤其大，因为无论是在能源供应还是财政空间方面，它们应对能源价格冲击的资源都更少。-address an energy price shock （应对能源价格冲击）（1） Developing nations are hard-pressed to address climate change due to limited fiscal space.由于财政空间有限，发展中国家在应对气候变化方面面临巨大压力。（2） In terms of healthcare infrastructure, rural areas remain hard-pressed during pandemics.在医疗基础设施方面，农村地区在疫情期间仍然压力巨大。（3） Small businesses are especially hard-pressed to address rising borrowing costs.3、原句：In the last 10 years or so, inflation has stayed below 4 percent, so an increase of above 5 percent starts to send alarm bells in Vietnam.在过去十年左右的时间里，越南的通胀率一直低于4%，因此超过5%的涨幅开始拉响警报。-in the last 10 years or so （在过去十年左右）（1） In the last decade or so, unemployment has stayed below 5%, so a sudden rise to 7% sends alarm bells.在过去十年左右，失业率一直低于5%，因此突然升至7%拉响了警报。（2） Global temperatures have stayed below the 1.5°C threshold for years, but recent spikes send alarm bells among scientists.多年来全球气温一直保持在1.5°C阈值以下，但近期的飙升在科学家中拉响了警报。（3） In the last 20 years or so, the poverty rate has stayed below 10%, making the recent increase particularly concerning.在过去20年左右，贫困率一直低于10%，因此近期的上升尤为令人担忧。4、原句：The poorest people in society will tend to feel the greatest impact as they spend all their income on necessities.社会中最贫困的人群往往会感受到最大的冲击，因为他们将所有收入都花在必需品上。-feel the greatest impact （感受到最大的冲击）-spend all their income on necessities （将所有收入花在必需品上）（1） When fuel prices rise, low-income households feel the greatest impact because they spend a larger share of their income on energy.当燃料价格上涨时，低收入家庭感受到的冲击最大，因为他们将更大比例的收入花在能源上。（2） In any economic downturn, marginalized groups tend to feel the greatest impact due to lack of savings.在任何经济衰退中，边缘化群体往往因缺乏储蓄而感受到最大的冲击。（3） Urban poor families spend most of their income on food and rent, so inflation hits them hardest.城市贫困家庭将大部分收入花在食物和房租上，因此通胀对他们的打击最严重。5、原句：Short-term emergency subsidies can help address the needs of the poorest, but the long-term focus should be on building resilience.短期紧急补贴可以帮助满足最贫困人群的需求，但长期重点应放在增强韧性上。-short-term emergency subsidies （短期紧急补贴）-address the needs of the poorest （满足最贫困人群的需求）-building resilience （增强韧性）（1） Short-term emergency subsidies can stabilize food prices, but the long-term focus should be on improving agricultural productivity.短期紧急补贴可以稳定食品价格，但长期重点应放在提高农业生产力上。（2） Governments should address the needs of the unemployed through training programs while building resilience against future shocks.政府应通过培训项目满足失业者的需求，同时增强应对未来冲击的韧性。（3） Building resilience in supply chains is more sustainable than relying on short-term subsidies.6、原句：In Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam, monetary policy is likely to remain unchanged for a while, with monetary officials weighing both the inflationary effects and the decline in growth.在印度尼西亚、泰国、马来西亚和越南，货币政策可能会在一段时间内保持不变，货币官员正在权衡通胀影响与增长放缓两方面的因素。-monetary policy remains unchanged （货币政策保持不变）-weighing both A and B （权衡A与B）-inflationary effects （通胀影响）-decline in growth （增长放缓）（1） Central banks are weighing both the risks of inflation and the need to support employment.（2） Policymakers must weigh both short-term costs and long-term benefits before implementing reforms.政策制定者在实施改革之前必须权衡短期成本与长期收益。（3） With monetary policy remaining unchanged for now, investors are watching for signs of a shift in strategy.由于目前货币政策保持不变，投资者正在关注策略转变的迹象。7、原句：The conflict in the Gulf poses a big challenge to economies in Southeast Asia.-poses a big challenge to ... （对……构成巨大挑战）（1） Rising interest rates pose a big challenge to small businesses already struggling with debt.（2） Climate change poses a big challenge to global food security.（3） The aging population poses a big challenge to the healthcare system.8、原句：It made the Philippines the second ASEAN member, after Singapore, to tighten policy in response to the global energy shock.这使菲律宾成为继新加坡之后第二个为应对全球能源冲击而收紧政策的东盟成员国。-in response to ... （为应对……）-the second ... to do sth （第二个做某事的……）（1） The central bank decided to tighten policy in response to rising inflation.（2） Vietnam was the third country in the region to raise interest rates in response to the currency crisis.（3） In response to public health concerns, the government became the first to ban single-use plastics.为应对公共卫生担忧，该国政府成为第一个禁止一次性塑料制品的国家。9、原句：Inflation in the Philippines has been higher than that of its ASEAN peers because it relies less on broad fuel subsidies and price caps.菲律宾的通胀率高于其东盟同行，因为该国较少依赖广泛的燃料补贴和价格上限。-relies less on ... （较少依赖……）-broad fuel subsidies （广泛的燃料补贴）（1） Countries that rely less on coal and more on renewables are better positioned for the energy transition.较少依赖煤炭、更多依赖可再生能源的国家在能源转型中处于更有利的位置。（2） Without price caps, essential medicines may become unaffordable for low-income patients.如果没有价格上限，基本药物可能让低收入患者无力承担。（3） The government introduced broad fuel subsidies to shield households from rising oil prices.政府推出了广泛的燃料补贴，以保护家庭免受油价上涨的影响。10、原句：Thailand and Vietnam also face significant price pressures, while Malaysia and Indonesia, where subsidies and price controls dampen inflation, may see indirect effects via nonsubsidized energy and food costs.泰国和越南也面临显著的价格压力，而在马来西亚和印度尼西亚，补贴和价格管制抑制了通胀，但它们可能会通过未受补贴的能源和食品成本感受到间接影响。-face significant price pressures （面临显著的价格压力）-indirect effects via ... （通过……产生的间接影响）（1） Many developing nations face significant price pressures due to rising import costs.由于进口成本上升，许多发展中国家面临显著的价格压力。（2） Government intervention helped dampen inflation during the crisis.（3） The closure of ports may have indirect effects via disrupted supply chains.11、原句：For example, Laos has relied on Thailand for most of its fuel imports, leaving it particularly vulnerable to disruptions in fuel supplies.例如，老挝的大部分燃料进口依赖泰国，这使其特别容易受到燃料供应中断的影响。-rely on ... for most of ... （大部分……依赖……）-leaving it particularly vulnerable to ... （使其特别容易受到……的影响）（1） The country relies on tourism for most of its foreign revenue, leaving it particularly vulnerable to global travel bans.该国大部分外汇收入依赖旅游业，这使其特别容易受到全球旅行禁令的影响。（2） Many small farms rely on rainwater for most of their irrigation, leaving them particularly vulnerable to droughts.许多小农场的大部分灌溉依赖雨水，这使它们特别容易受到干旱的影响。（3） The region relies on a single power plant for most of its electricity, leaving it particularly vulnerable to outages.该地区大部分电力依赖单一发电厂，这使其特别容易受到停电的影响。12、原句：Whether the bloc can act quickly enough to make a big difference in a short time is an open question.该联盟是否能迅速采取行动在短时间内产生重大影响，仍是一个悬而未决的问题。-act quickly enough to make a big difference （迅速采取行动以产生重大影响）-an open question （一个悬而未决的问题）（1） Whether artificial intelligence can truly replace human creativity is an open question.人工智能是否能真正取代人类创造力，仍是一个悬而未决的问题。（2） The government must act quickly enough to make a big difference in reducing carbon emissions.政府必须迅速采取行动，才能在减少碳排放方面产生重大影响。（3） Whether the new policy can improve living standards in a short time remains an open question.新政策能否在短时间内提高生活水平，仍是一个悬而未决的问题。13、原句：The longer the disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz remain in place, the larger the effects on growth.-the longer ..., the larger ... （越……，越……）-disruptions remain in place （干扰持续存在）（1） The longer the supply chain disruptions remain in place, the greater the impact on global trade.（2） The longer students face online learning, the larger the gap in educational outcomes.学生面临在线学习的时间越长，教育成果的差距就越大。（3） The longer the drought remains in place, the more severe the food shortages will become.句子1：Theglobal oil crisis triggered by Middle East tensions has sparked inflationary alarms across Southeast Asia, with the poorest households among the most vulnerable, experts say.专家表示，由中东紧张局势引发的全球石油危机已在东南亚拉响通胀警报，最贫困的家庭是最脆弱的群体之一。主句：expertssay（专家表示）—— 主谓结构，作整句的主句。宾语从句：Theglobal oil crisis triggered by Middle East tensions has sparked inflationary alarms across Southeast Asia, with the poorest households among the most vulnerable.后置定语（过去分词短语）：triggeredby Middle East tensions地点状语：acrossSoutheast Asia伴随状语（with复合结构）：withthe poorest households among the most vulnerable（with + 名词 + 介词短语）句子2：Poorereconomies are especially hard-pressed in the current environment as they have fewer resources, both in terms of energy supplies and fiscal space, to address an energy price shock.在当前环境下，较贫穷的经济体压力尤其大，因为无论是在能源供应还是财政空间方面，它们应对能源价格冲击的资源都更少。主句：Poorereconomies are especially hard-pressed in the current environment表语：especiallyhard-pressed地点状语：inthe current environment原因状语从句：asthey have fewer resources, both in terms of energy supplies and fiscal space, to address an energy price shock插入语（补充说明）：bothin terms of energy supplies and fiscal space后置定语（不定式短语）：toaddress an energy price shock（修饰resources）句子3：OnApril 23, the Philippine central bank hiked its policy interest rate by 0.25 percentage points to 4.5 percent, citing continued increases in core inflation, which jumped to 4.1 percent in March from 2.4 percent in February.4月23日，菲律宾中央银行将政策利率上调0.25个百分点至4.5%，理由是核心通胀持续上升。核心通胀率从2月份的2.4%跃升至3月份的4.1%。主句：thePhilippine central bank hiked its policy interest rate by 0.25 percentage points to 4.5 percent主语：thePhilippine central bank宾语：itspolicy interest rate方式状语：by0.25 percentage points现在分词短语作原因状语：citingcontinued increases in core inflation非限制性定语从句（修饰coreinflation）：which jumped to 4.1 percent in March from 2.4 percent in February从句主语：which（指代coreinflation）从句状语：to4.1 percent in March from 2.4 percent in February句子4：Ngsaid inflation in the Philippines has been higher than that of its ASEAN peers because it relies less on broad fuel subsidies and price caps.Ng表示，菲律宾的通胀率高于其东盟同行，因为该国较少依赖广泛的燃料补贴和价格上限。宾语从句：inflationin the Philippines has been higher than that of its ASEAN peers because it relies less on broad fuel subsidies and price caps从句主语：inflationin the Philippines从句表语：higherthan that of its ASEAN peers（其中that指代inflation）原因状语从句：becauseit relies less on broad fuel subsidies and price caps从句主语：it（指代thePhilippines）方式/方面状语：onbroad fuel subsidies and price caps句子5：AcrossASEAN, inflation risks have been flagged by many countries, with Vietnam's Finance Ministry saying on April 23 that inflation could soar to 5.5 percent this year, higher than the government's target of 4.5 percent.在整个东盟地区，许多国家都已发出通胀风险预警。越南财政部4月23日表示，今年通胀率可能飙升至5.5%，高于政府4.5%的目标。主句：inflationrisks have been flagged by many countrieswith复合结构作伴随状语：withVietnam's Finance Ministry saying on April 23 that...其中：with+ 名词（Vietnam's Finance Ministry）+ 现在分词短语（saying...）宾语从句（作saying的宾语）：thatinflation could soar to 5.5 percent this year, higher than the government's target of 4.5 percent从句状语：to5.5 percent this year形容词短语作补充说明（比较结构）：higherthan the government's target of 4.5 percent句子6：Notingthat the agricultural part of the consumer price index is about 30 percent in Vietnam, Mallon said higher agricultural prices resulting from fertilizer shortages will have a bigger impact than a direct fuel price increase.Mallon指出，越南消费者价格指数中农产品部分约占30%，因此化肥短缺导致的农产品价格上涨将比直接的燃料价格上涨产生更大的影响。宾语从句：higheragricultural prices resulting from fertilizer shortages will have a bigger impact than a direct fuel price increase从句主语：higheragricultural prices后置定语（现在分词短语）：resultingfrom fertilizer shortages比较状语（than从句）：thana direct fuel price increase现在分词短语作状语（表示伴随或原因）：Notingthat the agricultural part of the consumer price index is about 30 percent in Vietnam其中Noting的宾语为that从句：thatthe agricultural part of the consumer price index is about 30 percent in Vietnam该从句主语：theagricultural part of the consumer price index句子7：Whileregional frameworks could help address the challenge, whether the bloc can act quickly enough to make a big difference in a short time is an open question, he said.他表示，尽管区域框架有助于应对挑战，但该联盟是否能迅速采取行动在短时间内产生重大影响，仍是一个悬而未决的问题。宾语从句：Whileregional frameworks could help address the challenge, whether the bloc can act quickly enough to make a big difference in a short time is an open question该从句整体结构为：让步状语从句+ 主语从句 + 系表结构让步状语从句：Whileregional frameworks could help address the challenge主语从句（作整个句子的主语）：whetherthe bloc can act quickly enough to make a big difference in a short time其中：whether引导主语从句，从句主语为thebloc，谓语为can act，状语为quickly enough，不定式短语to make...作结果状语
