改革开放以来,中国人民生活水平不断提高,这在人们的饮食(diet)变化上得到充分体现。如今,人们不再满足于吃得饱,而是追求吃得更加安全、更加营养、更加健康,食物也愈来愈丰富多样,不再限于本地的农产品。物流业(logistics industry)的发展使人们很容易品尝到全国各地的特产。毫无疑问,食品质量与饮食结构的改善为增进人们健康提供了有力的保障。
(来源:2023年12月四级考试第一套题)
问题:翻译前先想一下每句话应该用什么时态?
第一句:
改革开放以来,中国人民生活水平不断提高,这在人们的饮食(diet)变化上得到充分体现。
译文一
Since the beginning of reform and opening-up, the living standards of the Chinese people have been continuously improved, which is fully demonstrated in their diet changes.
思路:该句描述的是从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,故时态应用现在完成时。本句可将 “中国人民…… 提高” 作为主句,“改革开放以来” 处理为 since 引导的介词短语作时间状语置于句首,“这在…… 上得到体现” 转述为 “这被体现在…… 上”,处理为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句,置于主句之后。
译文二
Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese people have seen their living standards rise steadily, a change that is well reflected in the evolution of their diet.
思路:此句后面用同位语 a change 指代前面整件事,再用定语从句 that is well reflected in... 补充说明。
译文三
The rising living standards of the Chinese people since the reform and opening up have been clearly reflected in the changes in their diet.
思路:将“生活水平不断提高”压缩为名词短语 the rising living standards 作主语,since... 作时间状语后置,谓语用现在完成时的被动语态 have been clearly reflected in...。整个句子没有使用从句,结构紧凑。